DISSIDENT CUBAN COMMUNISM
The Case of Trotskyism, 1932-1965
Gary Andrew TENNANT
Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Department of European Studies
University of Bradford
1999
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| Abstract [ ESP ] [ FRA ] [ DEU ] [ ITA ]
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| Acknowledgements | iv
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| Glossary of abbreviations and acronyms | vii
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| Glossary of Spanish terms | x
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| Technical note | xii
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| CHAPTER 1: | INTRODUCTION | 1
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| 1.1 | Statement of Argument | 1
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| 1.2 | A Critique of Past Work | 5
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| 1.3 | Methodology and Structure | 18
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| PART I: | THE INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL CONTEXT | 24
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| CHAPTER 2: | TROTSKYISM AND OFFICIAL COMMUNISM IN LATIN AMERICA, 1919-1965 | 25
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| 2.1 | The Theory of Permanent Revolution and the Origins of Trotskyism | 26
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| 2.2 | The Comintern and Stalinism in Latin America, 1919-65 | 42
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| 2.3 | Trotsky and Revolution in Latin America, 1937-40 | 51
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| 2.4 | Trotskyism and Revolution in Latin America, 1927-65 | 60
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| 2.5 | Conclusion | 69
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| CHAPTER 3: | NATIONALISM AND SOCIALISM IN CUBA FROM THE 1800s TO 1965 | 72
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| 3.1 | Independence and the Development of the Cuban Political Economy | 73
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| 3.1.1 | Background to Independence: The Foundations of the Cuban Political Economy | 73
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| 3.1.2 | Independence, U.S. Domination and the Cuban Bourgeoisie | 76
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| 3.1.3 | The Formative Years of the Cuban Labour Movement | 84
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| 3.2 | The Revolution of the 1930s | 91
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| 3.2.1 | The Revolution of the 1930s and Radical Cuban Nationalism | 91
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| 3.2.2 | The Cuban Communist Party and the Revolution of the 1930s | 101
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| 3.3 | Official Communism and Consensual Nationalism in Cuba, 1935-52 | 113
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| 3.4 | Dictatorship and Revolution in Cuba, 1952-65 | 124
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| 3.4.1 | The Batista Regime and the Insurrectionary War | 124
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| 3.4.2 | The Institutionalisation of the Revolutionary Government | 127
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| 3.5 | Conclusion | 138
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| PART II: | TROTSKYISM IN CUBA | 141
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| CHAPTER 4: | THE BIRTH OF DISSIDENT CUBAN COMMUNISM AND THE OPOSICIÓN COMUNISTA de CUBA, 1925-1933 | 142
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| 4.1 | Julio Antonio Mella and the Roots of Dissension | 143
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| 4.2 | The Formation, Composition and Activity of the OCC | 161
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| 4.3 | The OCC and Revolutionary Strategy: From a Democratic to Permanent Revolution Perspective | 177
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| 4.4 | Conclusion | 192
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| CHAPTER 5: | THE PARTIDO BOLCHEVIQUE LENINISTA AND THE REVOLUTION OF THE 1930s | 194
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| 5.1 | The Formation, Organisational Growth and Crisis of the PBL, 1933-35 | 195
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| 5.2 | The PBL and Revolutionary Strategy: The Democratic versus Permanent Revolution Perspectives | 215
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| 5.2.1 | The Founding Programme of the PBL | 215
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| 5.2.2 | The PBL and Revolutionary Strategy during the Grau San Martín Government, September 1933-January 1934 | 221
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| 5.2.3 | The PBL's Revolutionary Perspectives, 1934-35 | 226
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| 5.3 | Relations between the PBL and the Official Communists during the Revolution of the 1930s | 241
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| 5.4 | The PBL and its International Contacts | 251
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| 5.5 | Conclusion | 257
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| CHAPTER 6: | TROTSKYISM IN CUBA BETWEEN REVOLUTIONS: THE PARTIDO BOLCHEVIQUE LENINISTA AND THE PARTIDO OBRERO REVOLUCIONARIO, 1935-1958 | 264
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| 6.1 | Trotskyism in Cuba between Revolutions: Organisational Development and Revolutionary Strategy, 1935-58 | 265
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| 6.1.1 | The PBL, 1935-39: Regrouping and Revolutionary Strategy | 265
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| 6.1.2 | The Foundation of the POR and the Organisation and Strategy of Cuban Trotskyists, 1940-46 | 282
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| 6.1.3 | The Activity of the POR and Organisational Dissolution, 1946-58 | 302
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| 6.2 | Cuban Trotskyism and the Proletarian Military Policy during Wartime | 319
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| 6.3 | The Cuban Trotskyists and International Questions | 323
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| 6.3.1 | Cuban Trotskyists and the Spanish Civil War | 323
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| 6.3.2 | Cuban Trotskyism in the Fourth International | 328
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| 6.4 | Relations between Trotskyists and the Official Cuban Communists, 1935-58 | 338
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| 6.5 | Conclusion | 344
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| CHAPTER 7: | THE REORGANISED PARTIDO OBRERO REVOLUCIONARIO (TROTSKISTA) AND THE 1959 REVOLUTION | 349
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| 7.1 | The Organisation and Activity of the POR(T), 1960-65 | 351
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| 7.1.1 | The Formation and Composition of the POR(T) | 352
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| 7.1.2 | The Activity and Suppression of the POR(T) | 356
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| 7.2 | The POR(T) and the 1959 Revolution: Theory and Strategy | 376
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| 7.3 | The View from Abroad: The Cuban POR(T) and the Fourth Internationals | 385
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| 7.4 | Epilogue: Trotskyism in Cuba after 1965 | 394
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| 7.5 | Conclusion | 401
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| CHAPTER 8: | CONCLUSION | 403
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| 8.1 | The Cuban Trotskyists' Democratic versus Permanent Revolutionary Strategy | 403
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| 8.2 | Composition and Organisational Characteristics of Cuban Trotskyism | 412
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| 8.3 | The Cuban Trotskyists' Contribution to National Political Life | 419
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| | APPENDICES
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| Appendix A | Splits and Fusions in the International Trotskyist Movement, 1923-65 | 427
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| Appendix B | Map of Cuba | 428
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| Appendix C | Trotskyism in Cuba: A Chronology of Events | 429
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| Appendix D | Table Showing the Strength of Different Ideologies in the Cuban Trade Union Movement, 1865-1958 | 435
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| Appendix E | Graph Showing the Number of Trotskyists in Cuba, 1932-65 | 436
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| Appendix F | List of Known Trotskyists in Cuba | 437
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| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 443
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